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12V Batteries (LiFePO4) — Shop Lightweight, Long‑Life Deep‑Cycle Power
12V battery: A rechargeable energy storage unit that supplies roughly 12 volts DC to power low‑voltage systems
It’s assembled from cells in series—six 2V cells for lead‑acid or four 3
2V cells for LiFePO4—and is the de‑facto standard for mobile and small off‑grid power
Types Lead‑acid (flooded), AGM, and gel: Mature, inexpensive, and widely available
AGM/gel are sealed and spill‑proof, but all lead‑acid chemistries are heavy, prefer shallow discharges (about 50% depth‑of‑discharge), and typically deliver a few hundred cycles
LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate): Modern, stable lithium chemistry with a built‑in BMS
It offers 2–5× the cycle life, ~40–60% lower weight, and 80–100% usable capacity per charge, with a flatter voltage curve and faster charging
Upfront cost is higher, but lifecycle cost is usually lower
Primary uses RV/van house power Marine/trolling motors Solar/off‑grid storage Mobility devices (wheelchairs, scooters, golf carts) Portable electronics and backup systems Bottom line: Choose lead‑acid for the lowest purchase price; choose LiFePO4 when you care about cycle life, weight, and real usable capacity
Lithium vs Lead‑Acid (AGM/Gel) — 12 V Metric Lithium (LiFePO₄) Lead‑Acid (AGM / Gel) Cycle life (to ~80% remaining capacity) ≈2,500–5,000 cycles depending on DoD (≈2,500 @ 80% DoD; up to ≈5,000 @ 50% DoD)
≈300–1,000 cycles @ 50% DoD (AGM toward the low end, Gel toward the high end)
Usable depth of discharge (DoD) 80–90% typical (100% usable when needed; life improves if cycled shallower)
~50% recommended for reasonable life; deeper discharges sharply reduce cycles
Weight (100 Ah class) ≈20–33 lb (9–15 kg) typical
≈60–70 lb (27–32 kg) typical
Charge speed / acceptance High: accepts ≈0
5–1C (50–100 A for 100 Ah) with no long absorption tail
Moderate/Low: typically ≈0
1–0
3C (10–30 A for 100 Ah) plus a long absorption phase near full, so “full‑full” takes longer
Lifetime TCO (cost per kWh delivered over life) Lower in most real‑world use because of far more cycles at deeper DoD (often ~2–5× better $/kWh‑lifetime, even with higher upfront price)
Higher over life; lower sticker price but fewer cycles and shallower DoD mean more replacements for the same lifetime energy