

Loading page content, please wait...
A rechargeable energy storage unit that supplies roughly 12 volts DC to power low‑voltage systems. It’s assembled from cells in series—six 2V cells for lead‑acid or four 3.2V cells for LiFePO4—and is the de‑facto standard for mobile and small off‑grid power.
Types
Lead‑acid (flooded), AGM, and gel: Mature, inexpensive, and widely available. AGM/gel are sealed and spill‑proof, but all lead‑acid chemistries are heavy, prefer shallow discharges (about 50% depth‑of‑discharge), and typically deliver a few hundred cycles.
LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate): Modern, stable lithium chemistry with a built‑in BMS. It offers 2–5× the cycle life, ~40–60% lower weight, and 80–100% usable capacity per charge, with a flatter voltage curve and faster charging. Upfront cost is higher, but lifecycle cost is usually lower.
Primary uses
RV/van house power
Marine/trolling motors
Solar/off‑grid storage
Mobility devices (wheelchairs, scooters, golf carts)
Portable electronics and backup systems
Bottom line: Choose lead‑acid for the lowest purchase price; choose LiFePO4 when you care about cycle life, weight, and real usable capacity.
| Metric | Lithium (LiFePO₄) | Lead‑Acid (AGM / Gel) |
|---|---|---|
| Cycle life (to ~80% remaining capacity) | ≈2,500–5,000 cycles depending on DoD (≈2,500 @ 80% DoD; up to ≈5,000 @ 50% DoD). | ≈300–1,000 cycles @ 50% DoD (AGM toward the low end, Gel toward the high end). |
| Usable depth of discharge (DoD) | 80–90% typical (100% usable when needed; life improves if cycled shallower). | ~50% recommended for reasonable life; deeper discharges sharply reduce cycles. |
| Weight (100 Ah class) | ≈20–33 lb (9–15 kg) typical. | ≈60–70 lb (27–32 kg) typical. |
| Charge speed / acceptance | High: accepts ≈0.5–1C (50–100 A for 100 Ah) with no long absorption tail. | Moderate/Low: typically ≈0.1–0.3C (10–30 A for 100 Ah) plus a long absorption phase near full, so “full‑full” takes longer. |
| Lifetime TCO (cost per kWh delivered over life) | Lower in most real‑world use because of far more cycles at deeper DoD (often ~2–5× better $/kWh‑lifetime, even with higher upfront price). | Higher over life; lower sticker price but fewer cycles and shallower DoD mean more replacements for the same lifetime energy. |